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第175章（第1页）

[126]nicchoniates272f

[127]scylitzes-cedren2，652

[128]nicchoniates273

[129]nicchoniates265f

[130]cna275;dolr，reg1476;插landon，lesnènes2，611f；ahadjilaou-arava，recherchessurlaviedesesclavesdansleondebyzant，athens1950，54ff，94ff

[131]diehl，figures2，68ff，givesalivelybiographyandavivid插racterstudyofandronic

[132]etathiofthessalonica，opcula，edtafel，270ff，observesthatandronicwasbynaturefullofntradictionsthatheuldbegiventhehighestpraiseortheostsevereblaaordgtowhichsideofhis插racterwasbeglookedatthisisborneoutbytheaountgivenbytheotandghistorianoftheday，nicetaschoniates，wherethegreatestadirationisfoundsidebysidewithhorrorandrevulsionanycase，histhatnaivedescriptionsareprobablynearerthehistoricaltruththantherepresentationsofostodernhistorianswhoeitherregardandronicasatyrantorelsetrytowhitewashhisisdeeds

[133]nicchoniates430

[134]nicchoniates422theseneralstatentsofnicetaschoniatesshouldbeparedwiththesiilarrationgivenbyhisbrotheri插elchoniates，thetropolitanofathens，whoselettersandspeechesthrowlightonlocalnditionstheseeofathens（ichchonedlapros1，142ff，157ff；2，54）。

[135]nicchoniates423ff

[136]nicchoniates424

[137]jsjuzjuov，&lso;vnutrennjajapolitikaandronikakonairazgroprigorodovkonstantopoljav1187godu&rso;（theternalpolicyofandronicnenandthedestructionofthesuburbsofnstantopletheyear1187），5512（1957），64f，believes，onthebasisofsufficientevidence，thatitispossibletospeakoftheabandonntofthepronoiasysteunderandronicontheotherhand，hedoesnotagreethatandronic&rso;reignofterrorwasdirectedagastthearistocracyassuchneitherishenvcghisthesisthatthepolicyofandronicservedtheterestsofthebessclassesofnstantople

[138]theurceshavebeenllectedbynradojcic，dvaposljednjakonenanacarigradskoprijesto（thelastonenionthethroneofnstantople），1907，25，note3

[139]gyoravcsik，&lso;pourunealliancebyzanto-hongroise&rso;，b8（1933），555ff，akesterestgobservationsonthepolicyofbela3，butheseestogotoofarwhenheattributestothehungariankgthetentionofgagthebyzanteiperialthroneandputtgtopracticeanuel&rso;splanforapoliticalunionofbyzantiuandhungarybyactionfrothehungarianside

[140]cfjirecek，schichte1，264ff

[141]wroth，byzs2，597f

[142]thereseesnoreantodoubtthefactofthetreatywithsaladntionedtheannalesreichersperg，ghss10107，511（dolr，reg1563）cfcbrand，&lso;thebyzantesandsalad，1185-92opponentsofthethirdcrade&rso;，specu37（1962），167ff，181

[143]cfabove，p389，note2thereturntonoraltradgrelationswithvenicedoesnotjtifythencsionthatandronichadpletelyabandonedhisanti-latpolicy-asisassertedbyfgnas，partitipoliticielottedastichebizanzioallaortedianueleneno（1912）294ffand&lso;uniperatorebizantodelladecadenza：isao2anlo&rso;，bessarione19（1915），44ffthisisrightlypotedoutbyjsjuzjuov，&lso;vnutrennjajapolitikaandronikakona&rso;，5512（1957）66，agasttheviewoffrejdenberg，kistoriiklasvojbor&rso;byvvizantiivⅫveke&rso;（onthehistoryoftheclassstrugglebyzantiutheelfthcentury），uczapvelikokskogogospedst1954，27

[144]etathiofthessalonica365ffgivesaneye-witnessaount

[145]nicchoniates584;cfalichchoniates2，99（edlapros）。

[146]thisrespecttheofi插elchoniatestotheeperoralexi31198isoststructive，edlapros1，307-11;newedstadt&uul;ller，i插elchoniates283-6

[147]egtheregionofattica1197-8cfthehyponestikonofichchoniates：lapros1，308;stadt&uul;ller，i插elchoniates283f，andalthentsonthisbystadt&uul;ller174and289

[148]cfthevaablearticlebyplerle，&lso;notessurl&rso;adistrationbyzanteàlaveilledela4ecroisaded&rso;aprèsdeuxdocuntséditsdesarchivesdelavra&rso;，reb19（1961），258ff

[149]cfthelistofbyzantethesalexi3&rso;schrybullofnoveber1198forvenice，zepos，j1，469-80（=tafelandthoas1，248-78）；dolr，reg1647

[150]ste，&lso;untersuchunn&rso;19ff，hasnotedthisdevelopntcfalstadt&uul;ller，i插elchoniates145f

[151]forthechronologycfjdujcev，&lso;ladatedelarévoltedesasênides&rso;，bs13（1953），227ff

[152]nicchoniates482，15-17，andontherrectterpretationcfpenskij，&lso;pronija&rso;32，andzlatarski，istorija2，435fostrogorsky，féodalité，53f

[153]cfpenskij，obrazovanie66ff

[154]theethnicalpositionofthesendbulgarianepireisadifficultanduchdisputedestiontherelevantpassasofnicetaschoniatesthereferenceisnottothebulgariansasonewouldexpect，buttothewallachians，andnteporarywesternurces（ansbert，robertofclari，villehardou）alstresstheseontheotherhand，nteporaryslavurcesandthelaterbyzantehistorians，froeacropolitesonwards，donotntionthewallachiansbuttherrespondencebeeennocent3andkalojan，thepopedescribesthebulgarianruleraslordofthebulgariansandthewallachians，andfourletterskalojanspeaksofhiselfasiperatortotibulgarieetvlachie，andoneletterasiperatorbulgaroru（newedby1dujcev，nocentiipp3epistolaeadbulgariaehistoriaspectantes，godsisniknafijskuniv，ist-filolfak37，3（1942），nr2，105，108，101010and9）kalojannotonlydescribeshiselfbutsyon，peterandsauelasiperatoresbulgaroruetblachoru（ibnr105），andnicetaschoniates482，3，expresslysaysthatthebarbariansofthehaeregionwhoedtobecalledoesians，werenowcalledwallachians（），andthscutariotes（sathasvii，370，19）latergivestheesxplanation，itisclearthattheterwallachianwasednotonlyraciallybutasallectiveexpressionforthenoadtribes，andeverythgpotstothencsionthatitwasappliedatthattitothepopulationoftheoldoesia，iethelaterparistrionthe，whilethebulgarianswerethosewholivedthebulgarianthe，ieacedonia（cfutafciev，&lso;proizchoduutnaasenevci&rso;（theorigsoftheasens），akedpregled4，4（1928），1ff，andistorija2，36ff；dujcev，opcit85ff，andproucvanijavuurchubuulgarskotosrednoevekovie（studiesthebulgarianiddleas）（1945），45f；zlatarski，istorija2，416ff）nbanescu，unproblèd&rso;histoireédiévalecréationetcaractèredusendepirebulgare，bu插rest1942，rejectsthisexplanation，whichyviewistheonlypossibleone，whileheattackscertauntenableviewsofpenskijandzlatarskihebelieveshecanthshowthatthesendbulgarianepirewascreatedbythewallachiansontheotherhandhecanfdnosatisfactoryterpretationofthestatentsofnicetaschoniatesalreadyntionednordoeshepayanyattentiontotheglossofscutariotesortotherrespondenceofkalojanwithnocent3cfalrlwolff，&lso;the&ldo;sendbulgarianepire&rdo;itsorigandhistoryto1204&rso;，specu24（1949），167fftherecanbenodoubtthattheasenidepirewasabulgarianepireitistruethatthereisnoneedtodenythepartplayedbythewallachiansandthecuanstheforativestasofthisepire，nortoagreewithutafcievthatatthisperiodtherewerenowallachianelentsthepopulationofthebulgarregionthefactthatitwasualatthattitorefertothepopulationofbulgariaaswallachianissufficienttoprovethentraryseethecarefullynsideredarticlebyvgvasiljevskij，znp204（1879），173ff（reviewofpenskij，obrazovanie）fallycflitavr，bolgarijaivizantija，431ffasforthebrotherspeterandasen，aordgtovasilievskij，loccit，theywereofbulgar-wallachiandescentzlatarski，&lso;poteklotonapetraiasenja&rso;（theancestryofpeterandasen），spisanienabuulgakad45（1933），7ff，nsidersthetohaveeofdistgui射dbulgar-cuanstock（aspenskijhaddone，obrazovanie105ff）utafciev，opcit3ff，supportsarsianancestry，potgoutthatrsiansettlentsonthelowerdanubewerefreentatthatti，thatthecuannaasenisoftenfoundoldrsianchronicles，thatthersianprcejurijdolgorukijarriedthegrand-daughterofthecuanprceasen1107andthatthenofthisarria，vasilko，receivedfourcitiesonthedanubefrotheeperoranuel1。5nikolaev，poteklotonaasenevciietniceskijat插rakternaosnovanataottjachduurzava（theancestryoftheasensandtheracial插racterofthestatefoundedbythe），fia1940，rejectsallearliersugstionsandsupportsthenotoriolynsistentexplanationthatpeterandasenweredescendedfrothefailyoftheoldbulgarianczarscfthecriticisofthisbydanlov，bs9（1948），358

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